EVOLUTION OF SEED

Topic:

              EVOLUTION OF SEED

  ü  The origin and evolution of seed habit started in:

1.      Late Palaeozoic              2.  Late Devonian      3.  Silurian period

ü  Evolution of seed habit started about:

1.      370 million years ago       2. 460 million years ago    3. 720 million years ago

ü  The earliest seed plants emerged in late Devonian period:

1.      Gymnosperms                         2.  Progymnosperms               3.  Angiosperms         

ü  Most complex and successful method of reproduction in vascular plants:

1.      Spore formation          2. Gametes formation                         3.  Seed habit

ü  Seeds plants comprise major groups:

1.      Two                  2.  Three                      3.  Four

ü  Major groups of seed plants are:

1.      Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms       2.  Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

    3.  Bryophytes and Pteridophytes

ü  Rapid rise and early diversification with in seed plants is described by:

1.      Charles Darwin                       2. Charles Linnaeus    3. Whittaker

ü  Preadaptation for the quick dominance of the Angiosperms is:

1.      Spore formation    2. Cone formation       3. seed formation

ü  In gymnosperms and angiosperms seeds develop from:

1.      Embryo                  2. Megaspore             3. ovules

ü  Ovules of seed plants bear:

1.      Spores                   2. Nucellus                  3. gametes

ü  Nucellus of the ovule is enveloped by:

1.      4 layers                 2. 2 layers                   3. 3 layers

ü  Nucellus of ovules of seed plants is enveloped by covering layers called:

1.      Integuments          2. Pericarp                   3. cuticle layers

ü  Unfertilized, immature seed precursor called:

1.      Embryo                  2. Ovary                       3. ovule

ü  Apical opening of integuments allows the pollen tube to enter the nucellus called:

1.      Seta                       2. Microphyle              3. style           

ü  Dead material tissue, of outer covering of the seed called:

1.      Ovary                     2. Testa                       3. capsule

ü  Maternal nutritional tissue in the mature seed of some angiosperms called:

1.      Pericarp                 2. Perisperm                3. ovary

ü  In the nucellus of the ovule, a megaspore develops into:

1.      Haploid megagametophyte                      2. Diploid megagametophyte

3. Haploid megasporophyte

ü  Megagametophyte at its mature stage is called:

1.      Fruit                       2. Embryo sac              3. ovary

ü  Less frequently mature megasporophyte are four celled called?

1.      Nuphar/schisandra type               2. Tetra nucleated                   3. embryo sac

ü  In some seed plants sperms are multiflagellated, swimming sperm called:

1.      Siphonogamic type                        2. Megasporic type     3. Microsporic type

ü  Nuclear division without cytokinesis called:

1.      Pollination                         2. Double fertilization                         3. Endopolyploidy

ü  Intrinsic block to the completion of germination of viable seed called:

1.      Double fertilization                       2. Seed dormancy                    3. seed evolution

ü  Dormancy can be broken by abrasion called:

1.      Karyokinesis          2. Scarification                        3. cytokinesis

ü  Important positive regulator of seed dormancy:

1.      Glucose     2. Acetic acid                          3. Abscisic acid

ü  Ovules on sterile structure called:

1.      Capsule                 2. Cupules                  3. cones

    

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