Plant Family Annonaceae

Annonaceae Description

Distribution: A family of about 120 genera and 2100 species, distributed mainly in the tropics of Old and New World, usually at lower altitudes; represented by 4 genera and 6 species in Pakistan, all except Miliusa are cultivated.
Detailed DescriptionTrees, shrubs or rarely woody climbers, often aromatic; indumentum (if present) of simple or stellate hairs or sc

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Plant Family Anacardiaceae

Anacardiaceae  Description Distribution: A tropical family of 55 genera and c. 500 species occurring in the Mediterranean region, S.W., C. & E. Asia and America. Represented in Pakistan by 8-9 genera and c. 23 species, of which half the taxa are cultivated, the commonest of these being the edible mango (Mangifera indica) and the pepper tree (Schinus molle). Detailed Description  Trees or shrubs, often polygamo-dioecious or monoecious and with an acrid or milky juice. Leaves us

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Plant Family Amaryllidaceae

Amaryllidaceae Description Distribution A family of over 80 genera and 1000 species. Represented in Pakistan by 3 wild genera and 4 species. Besides these many other species are cultivated in Pakistan for their attractive flowers. Detailed Description Plants with bulbs, corms or rhizomes. Leaves radical or cauline; linear to lanceolate. Flowers on a scape or on the main stem in clusters o

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Plant Family Amaranthaceae

Amaranthaceae DescriptionDistribution  A large and almost exclusively tropical family of some 65 genera and over 1000 species, including many cosmopolitan “weeds” and a large number of xerophytic plants. Description Annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs, rarely scandent. Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, exstipulate, entire or almost so. Inflorescence a dense head, loose or spike-like thyrse, spike, raceme or panicle, basically cy

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Plant Family Alismataceae

Alismataceae Description General/Distribution A cosmopolitan family of 12 genera and about 90 species. Only 4 genera and 8 species are reported from West Pakistan .Detailed DescriptionAnnual or perennial, amphibious herbs with laticiferous ducts. Rhizome mostly stout, short, with adventitious fibrous root

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Plant Family Alliaceae

Alliaceae DescriptionDistribution A family of 30 genera and about 700 species. Represented in Pakistan by one genus, Allium. Most workers include the family Alliaceae in Liliaceae or some in Amaryllidaceae but it is better placed separately. Deatiled d

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Plant Family Alangiaceae

Alangiaceae Description General/DistributionA small uni generic family, chiefly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia and Australia. Detail DescriptionTrees and shrubs, usually unarmed. Leaves alternate, petiolate, exstipulate. Inflorescence many-flowered axillary cyme. Flowers small, often fragrant, bisexual, actinomorphic, epigynous, bracteate. Sepals 4-10, united into a more or less truncate or 4-10 toothed tube, persistent. Petals 4-10, free rarely united at the base, linear-oblong. Stamens 4-40, free or slightly united at the base, sometimes adnate to petals, filaments short, arising from disc, often villous inside. Disc conspicuous, enlarged and cupular, rarely absent. Carpels 2-3, syncarpous; ovary adnate to the calyx tube; style simple, filiform, with simple or 2-3 lobed, capitate or clavate stigma. Fruit an ellipsoid-globose, flattened drupe crowned by sepals and disc. Seed oblong, endospermous.

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Plant Family Aizoaceae

Aizoaceae Martinov Description
General/Distribution
 A family of 128 genera and c. 1170 species, many of which are cultivated. S. and tropical Africa, S. America, W. Indies, Mediterranean and tropical Asia. Represented here by 8 species.
Description
Annual or perennial herbs or small shrubs. Leaves fleshy or scale-like, opposite or alternate,

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Family Agavaceae

Agavaceae Dumort. description. General/Distribution  A tropical and subtropical family with 20 genera and c. 670 species mostly in the New World. Agave species are cultivated for their fibres, used in making ropes, mats etc. Some other species are cultivated for ornamental purposes. Represented in Pakistan by 6 naturalized or cultivated genera, 4 of

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Key Stone Species

     Key Stone Species

1) A species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance

a) Endangered species b) distinct species c)threatened species d)keystone species

2) Keystone species are playing a critical role in maintaining the structure of an 

A) Environment b) ecosystem c) biosphere d) ecological community

3) A dramatically change occur in the environment due to

A) Dieing b) death of a specie c) preying d) all

4) keystone species was a small part of the ecosystem by measures of

A) Biomass b) production c) biome d) none

5) The example of a keystone species

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Evolution of bryophytes

MCQs (Evolution of bryophytes)

1.      Which one of the following is not common between Funaria and Selaginella?

                   a) archegonium              b) embryo               c) flagellate sperms               d) roots

2.      Pteridophytes differ from mosses/bryophytes in possessing

                   a) independent gametophyte                b) well developed vascular system

                   c) archegonia                                            d) flagellate spermatozoids.

3.      Multicellular branched rhizoids and leafy gametophytes are the characteristics of

                    a) some bryophytes          b) Ptredophytes     c) all bryophyte          d) gymnosperms.

4.      Bryophytes can be separated from algae, because they

                      a) possess archegonia                          b) contain chloroplast

                      c) are thalloid forms                              d) have no conducting tissue.

5.      Which of the following is true about bryophytes?

                      a) they are thalloid                        b) they posses archegonia        

                      c) they contain chloroplast            d) all of these.

6.      In a moss, the sporophyte

                      a) manufactures food for itself, as well as for the gametophyte

                      b) is partially parasitic on the gametophyte

                      c) produces gametes that give rise to the gametophyte

                      d) arises from a spore produced from the gametophyte

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